Nimrata "Nikki" Haley (née Randhawa; born January 20, 1972) is the 29th and current United States Ambassador to the United Nations. She served as the 116th governor of South Carolina from January 2011 to January 2017. Before her tenure as governor, Haley was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives.
Haley was the first female governor of South Carolina and the second Indian American, after fellow Republican Bobby Jindal, to serve as a governor in the United States. During the 2012 Presidential campaign, Republican nominee Mitt Romney considered Haley as a potential vice presidential running mate, though Haley said that she would turn down any offer due to her preoccupation as Governor.
She delivered the official Republican response to President Barack Obama's 2016 State of the Union Address on January 12, 2016. On November 23, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump nominated Haley for the position of U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, which Haley accepted. Haley was confirmed by the Senate in a 96-4 vote and was subsequently sworn in on January 25, 2017.
In 2016, Haley was named among "The 100 Most Influential People" by Time magazine.
Early life and education
Haley was born in Bamberg, South Carolina, on January 20, 1972, to an Indian American Sikh family. She was "always called Nikki, which means 'little one,' by her family". Her parents, father Ajit Singh Randhawa and mother Raj Kaur Randhawa, are immigrants from Amritsar District, Punjab, India. Her father had been a professor at Punjab Agricultural University, and her mother had received her law degree from the University of Delhi. Haley's parents immigrated to Canada after her father received a scholarship offer from the University of British Columbia. When her father received his PhD degree in 1969, he moved his family to South Carolina, where he accepted a position as a professor at Voorhees College. Her mother Raj Randhawa earned a master's degree in education and taught for seven years in the Bamberg, South Carolina, public schools before founding a clothing shop, Exotica International, in 1976.
When Haley was five years old, her parents entered her in the "Miss Bamberg" contest. The contest traditionally crowned a black queen and a white queen. Since the judges decided Haley did not fit either category, they disqualified her.
Haley has two brothers, Mitti, a retired member of the United States Army Chemical Corps who served in Desert Storm, and Charan, a web designer. She has one sister, Simran, a radio host and Fashion Institute of Technology alumna, who was born in Singapore.
At age 12, Haley began helping with the bookkeeping in her mother's ladies' clothing shop, Exotica International. In her autobiography, Haley credited her time keeping the books in her mother’s dress shop with giving her "an extreme watchfulness about overheads and a sharp aversion to government intrusion". The Economist compared her to another shopkeeper's daughter, Margaret Thatcher. In 1989, Haley graduated from Orangeburg Preparatory Schools. She graduated from Clemson University with a bachelor's degree in accounting.
Career
After graduating from Clemson University, Haley worked for FCR Corporation, a waste management and recycling company, before joining her family's business, an upscale clothing firm. She later became Exotica International's controller and chief financial officer.
Haley was named to the board of directors of the Orangeburg County Chamber of Commerce in 1998. She was named to the board of directors of the Lexington Chamber of Commerce in 2003. Haley became treasurer of the National Association of Women Business Owners in 2003 and president in 2004. She chaired the Lexington Gala to raise funds for the local hospital. She also served on the Lexington Medical Foundation, Lexington County Sheriff's Foundation, and West Metro Republican Women. She was the president of the South Carolina Chapter of the National Association of Women Business Owners and was chair for the 2006 Friends of Scouting Leadership Division campaign.
South Carolina House of Representatives
Elections
In 2004, Haley ran for the South Carolina House of Representatives to represent District 87 in Lexington County. She challenged incumbent state Representative Larry Koon in the Republican primaryâ€"the longest serving legislator in the South Carolina Statehouse. Her platform included property tax relief and education reform. In the primary election, she forced a runoff as Koon won just 42% of the vote. She placed second with 40% of the vote. In the runoff, she defeated him 55%â€"45%. She then ran unopposed in the general election. She became the first Indian-American to hold office in South Carolina.
She was unopposed for re-election to a second term in 2006. In 2008, she won re-election to a third term, defeating Democrat Edgar Gomez 83%â€"17%.
Tenure
Haley was elected chair of the freshman caucus in 2005 and majority whip in the South Carolina General Assembly. She was the only freshman legislator named to a whip spot at the time.
Fiscal policy
One of Haley's stated goals was to lower taxes. When Mark Sanford was governor of South Carolina, Haley voted against a proposed cigarette surtax. The revenue from the tax would have been appropriated to smoking prevention programs and cancer research related to smoking. She voted for a bill that raised sales taxes from five cents per dollar to six cents per dollar. The bill exempted sales tax on unprepared food such as canned goods. The same bill also exempts property tax on "owner-occupied residential property" except for the taxes due from what is still owed on the property.
Education
Haley implemented a plan in which teachers' salaries would be based on not only seniority and qualifications but also job performance, as determined by evaluations and reports from principals, students, and parents. She supports school choice and charter schools.
Legislative pensions
Haley supports barring legislators from collecting legislative pensions while they're in office. She believes such pensions should be based on only the $10,400 legislative salary instead of the salary plus lawmakers' $12,000 annual expense allowance.
Immigration policy
Haley has stated that, as the daughter of immigrants, she believes the immigration laws should be enforced. She voted in favor of a law that requires employers to be able to prove that newly hired employees are legal residents of the United States, and also requires all immigrants to carry documentation at all times proving that they are legally in the United States. Haley signed an "Arizona-style" law cracking down on illegal immigration in June 2011. The law is the subject of a lawsuit initiated by the United States Justice Department on numerous grounds, including claims the immigration law violates the Supremacy Clause. Rob Godfrey, a spokesman for Haley, said, "If the feds were doing their job, we wouldn't have had to address illegal immigration reform at the state level. But, until they do, we're going to keep fighting in South Carolina to be able to enforce our laws."
Abortion
Haley describes herself as pro-life and has supported legislation to restrict abortion rights. She has stated "I'm not pro-life because the Republican Party tells me, I’m pro-life because all of us have had experiences of what it means to have one of these special little ones in our life."
Haley has consistently supported bills that protect the rights of a fetus and restrict abortion, except when the mother's life is at risk. In 2006, as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, Haley voted for the Penalties for Harming an Unborn Child/Fetus law, which asserted that an act of violence against a fetus is akin to a criminal act against the mother. She also voted for two separate bills that required a woman to first look at an ultrasound and then wait 24 hours before being permitted to have an abortion. In 2016, she re-signed a new state law that bans abortions at 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Haley has voted in favor of some bills relating to abortion that were tabled or rejected, including the Inclusion of Unborn Child/Fetus in Definition for Civil Suits Amendment, Prohibiting Employment Termination Due to Abortion Waiting Period amendment, and Exempting Cases of Rape from Abortion Waiting Period amendment. The latter would have allowed specific cases of women to not have to wait the mandatory 24 hours before having an abortion.
Committee assignments
- Labor, Commerce and Industry
- Medical, Military, Public and Municipal Affairs
Caucus memberships
- Freshman Caucus, 2005â€"2006 (Chair)
- Lexington County Meth Taskforce
- Sportsman's Caucus
- Women's Caucus, 2007 (Vice Chair)
Governorship
2010 gubernatorial election
On May 14, 2009, Haley announced that she would run for the Republican nomination for Governor of South Carolina in the 2010 elections. Haley had been persuaded to run by incumbent Governor and fellow Republican Mark Sanford. On November 11, 2009, she was endorsed by former Massachusetts governor and GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney, as well as Jenny Sanford, the incumbent first lady of South Carolina. She was polling in last place in the GOP race before a surprise endorsement from former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, three weeks before the primary vote.
The Republican gubernatorial primary took place on June 8, 2010, and Haley captured 49% of the vote, forcing a runoff election on June 22. Haley won handily in the runoff vote.
Haley was elected governor on November 2, 2010, defeating the Democratic candidate, Vincent Sheheen 51% to 47%. She is considered the third non-white person to have been elected as governor of a Southern state, after Virginia's Douglas Wilder and Louisiana's Bobby Jindal.
Haley's victory marked the first gubernatorial victory for a Sikh in US history.
Tenure
Fine by State Ethics Commission
In July 2013, Haley was fined $3,500 by the State Ethics Commission and given a "public warning" for failing to report the addresses of eight donors during her 2010 campaign for governor.
Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl
In August 2013, Haley signed an extradition order for Dusten Brown to be brought to South Carolina in the Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl case.
Economic policies
In inviting business to move to South Carolina she has said:
What I'm saying is, if you come to South Carolina, the cost of doing business is going to be low here. We are going to make sure that you have a loyal, willing workforce and we are going to be one of the lowest union-participation states in the country.
Confederate flag
Before June 2015, Haley was in support of flying the Confederate flag on the statehouse grounds. In the immediate aftermath of the Charleston church shooting, Haley did not take a position on removing the flag, saying "I think the state will start talking about that again, and we'll see where it goes." On June 22, Haley called for the removal of the Confederate flag from the statehouse grounds. She stated:
"These grounds (the State Capital) are a place that everybody should feel a part of. What I realized now more than ever is people were driving by and felt hurt and pain. No one should feel pain." Haley also said, "There is a place for that flag," but she said "It's not in a place that represents all people in South Carolina."
In July 2015, Haley signed a bill to authorize removing the Confederate flag from the flagpole on the grounds of the South Carolina Capitol.
LGBT issues
In April 2016, Haley indicated she would not support legislation introduced by the South Carolina State Senate which would require transgender individuals to use restrooms based on biological sex instead of gender identity. Haley stated:
“These are not instances... Y’all haven’t reported on anything. I haven’t heard anything that’s come to my office. So when I look at South Carolina, we look at our situations, we’re not hearing of anybody’s religious liberties that are being violated, and we’re, again, not hearing any citizens that feel like they are being violated in terms of freedoms.â€
Haley described such restroom legislation as unnecessary.
Israel
Haley has been described by South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham as a "strong supporter of the State of Israel". As Governor of South Carolina, she signed into law a bill to stop efforts of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. This legislation was the first of its kind on a statewide level. Haley also stated that "nowhere has the UN’s failure been more consistent and more outrageous than in its bias against our close ally Israel".
Request for tax return disclosure by Donald Trump
As governor, in 2016, Haley received extensive press coverage for saying the phrase "bless your heart" in response to an attack by GOP presidential candidate Donald Trump. Trump had attacked her on Twitter for her call for him to release his tax records.
Voter ID laws
Haley supports Voter ID laws, laws requiring photo identification at the polls.
Dylann Roof prosecution
In regard to the state trial of Dylann Roof, Haley urged prosecutors to seek the death penalty against him.
2014 re-election
On August 12, 2013, Haley announced she would seek a second term as governor. She faced a challenge in the Republican primary from Tom Ervin. However, Ervin withdrew and later contested the 2014 gubernatorial elections as an independent.
As in 2010, Vincent Sheheen of the Democratic Party was once again her challenger. Republican-turned-Independent Tom Ervin was also running in early stages of the contest, as well as Libertarian Steve French, and United Citizens Party candidate Morgan Bruce Reeves. The first public debate was held in Charleston on October 14, between French, Ervin, Haley, Reeves, and Sheheen. The second public debate in Greenville on October 21, again included all five candidates. A week after the second debate, Ervin withdrew from the race and endorsed Sheheen.
Haley was re-elected on November 4, 2014, with a 55.9 percent to 41.3 percent win, almost tripling her previous margin of victory over Sheheen in 2010 gubernatorial elections. Her second term as governor of South Carolina was set to expire on January 9, 2019, but she resigned on January 24, 2017 to serve as US Ambassador to the United Nations.
Potential vice-presidential candidacy
In 2012, former Governor Mitt Romney considered her for his vice-presidential running mate. In April 2012, Haley said that she would turn down any offer: "I'd say thank you, but no, I made a promise to the people of this state. And I think that promise matters. And I intend to keep it."
Haley was mentioned in January 2016 as a potential candidate for the vice presidency in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
The Economist described Haley as a politician with high approval ratings who possesses a combination of "fiscal ferocity and a capacity for conciliation," and stated as a female candidate and ethnic minority she would have appeal. On May 4, 2016, after Trump became the presumptive presidential nominee, Haley denied interest in the vice presidential nomination.
United States Ambassador to the United Nations
Nomination and confirmation
On November 23, 2016 President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley for Ambassador to the United Nations. On January 20, 2017, President Donald Trump sent Haley's nomination to the United States Senate. It has been reported that President Trump initially offered Haley the position of Secretary of State, which she declined.
On January 24, 2017, Haley was confirmed by the Senate 96-4 to become Donald Trump's Ambassador to the United Nations. The four that voted against Haley were: Senators Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.), Tom Udall (D-N.M.), and Chris Coons (D-Del.) Haley is the first Indian American to hold a cabinet level position. Shortly thereafter, she resigned as South Carolina governor and Lt. Governor Henry McMaster ascended into the governorship of South Carolina.
Haley was sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence on January 25, 2017. She met with United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres on January 27, 2017, at the UN Headquarters in New York City.
Tenure
On February 2, 2017, Haley declared to the U.N. Security Council that sanctions against Russia for its Crimean conflict would not be lifted until Russia returned control over the region to Ukraine. On June 4, 2017, Haley reported the United States would retain "sanctions strong and tough when it comes to the issue in Ukraine".
On March 15, 2017, Haley said she would not support a Muslim ban should President Trump choose to enact one. Haley said she did not believe "we should ever ban anyone based on their religion" and that a Muslim ban would be "un-American".
On March 30, 2017, Haley stated that the U.S. would no longer focus on forcing Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to leave power. This was a policy shift from former president Barack Obama’s initial stance on Assad. On April 5, speaking to the U.N. Security Council a day after the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack, Haley said Russia, Assad, and Iran "have no interest in peace" and attacks similar to this would continue occurring should nothing be done in response. A day later, the U.S. launched 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles toward the Shayrat Air Base in Syria. Haley called the strike a "very measured step" and warned that the U.S. was prepared "to do more" despite wishing it would not be required. On April 12, after Russia blocked a draft resolution meant to condemn the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack, Haley criticized Russia, saying "We need to see Russia choose to side with the civilized world over an Assad government that brutally terrorizes its own people." June 28, while appearing before the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Haley credited President Trump's warning to Syria with stopping another chemical attack: "I can tell you due to the president’s actions, we did not see an incident."
In April 2017, while holding her first session as President of the UN Security Council, Haley charged Iran and Hezbollah with having "conducted terrorist acts" for decades within the Middle East.
Also in April 2017, Haley said the U.S. military could be deployed in response to any further North Korean missile tests or usage of nuclear missiles and that she believed Kim Jong-un understood this due to pressure by both the U.S. and China. On May 14, 2017, after North Korea performed a ballistic missile test, Haley said Kim was "in a state of paranoia" after feeling pressure from the U.S. On June 2, 2017, after the U.N. Security Council approved a resolution adding fifteen North Koreans and four entities linked to North Korea's nuclear and missile programs to a sanctions blacklist, Haley said the council's vote was "sending a clear message to North Korea today: Stop firing ballistic missiles or face the consequences". On July 5, 2017, during a U.N. Security Council meeting, in response to North Korea launching an intercontinental ballistic missile, Haley announced the US would within days "bring before the Security Council a resolution that raises the international response in a way that is proportionate to North Korea's new escalation". The following month the U.N. Security Council unanimously approved sanctions on North Korea banning exports worth over $1 billion. Haley said that the sanctions package was "the single largest ... ever leveled against the North Korean regime".
In May 2017 interview, Haley expressed interest in moving the U.S. Embassy to Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. On June 7, Haley charged the U.N. with having "bullied Israel for a very long time" and pledged the US would end this treatment while in Jerusalem.
In July 2017, after the UNESCO voted to designate the Hebron's Old City and the Cave of the Patriarchs as Palestinian territory as well as endangered world heritage sites, Haley called the choice "tragic on several levels" in a statement (see Israeliâ€"Palestinian conflict in Hebron).
In September 2017, Haley stated that "some countries" (a reference to Russia, although Haley did not refer to Russia by name) was shielding Iran by blocking the International Atomic Energy Agency from verifying Iranian compliance with the international nuclear agreement with Iran. Haley said that it "appears that some countries are attempting to shield Iran from even more inspections. Without inspections, the Iran deal is an empty promise."
In October 2017, the federal Office of Special Counsel determined that Haley had violated the federal Hatch Act in June 2017 by re-tweeting Trump's endorsement of Ralph Norman, a Republican candidate for Congress in South Carolina. Haley deleted the re-tweet after a complaint was filed by the government watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington. The Office of Special Counsel issued a reprimand by letter but did not recommend any further action be taken against Haley. The special counsel's letter warned Haley that any future violation could be considered a "a willful and knowing violation of the law".
Personal life
In September 1996, she married Michael Haley with both Sikh and Methodist ceremonies. Haley has since converted to Christianity and attends a United Methodist Church. During a Christianity Today interview, Haley responded "What I hope is that my parents do what's right for them," when asked whether or not she hopes her parents convert to Christianity. She attends Mt. Horeb United Methodist Church.
Her husband is an officer in the South Carolina Army National Guard and was sent on a year-long deployment to Afghanistan in January 2013. The couple have two children, daughter Rena and son Nalin.
In May 2015, she received an honorary doctorate in public service from the University of South Carolina.
Awards and honors
- Friend of the Taxpayer Award, S.C. Association of Taxpayers, 2005
- Leader in Liberty Award, ABATE of South Carolina, 2005
- Legislator of the Year Award, Centennial Foundation, 2005
- Indian American Pride Award, Indian American Friendship Council, 2005
- Palmetto Leadership Award, South Carolina Policy Council, 2006
- Strom Thurmond Excellence in Public Service and Government Award, South Carolina Federation of Republican Women, 2006
- Champion of Housing Award, Home Builders Association of S.C., 2007
- W. Mack Chamblee Quality of Life Award, S.C. Association of Realtors, 2007
- Order of the Palmetto, 2010
- Honorary Doctorate, University of South Carolina, 2015
- Ambassador of the Year, Columbia Chamber, 2015.
- Award of Appreciation, Harvard Foundation for Intercultural and Race Relations, 2015
- David H. Wilkins Awards for Excellence, The Riley Institute at Furman University, 2015
- First Lady's Visionary Award, Claflin University, 2016
- "The 100 Most Influential People", Time Magazine, 2016
- Hyman Rubin Award, Greater Columbia Community Relations Council, 2016
- WDN "10 for 10" award, International Republican Institute, 2016
- Global Vision Award, Columbia World Affairs Council, 2016
Electoral history
Bibliography
Haley published an autobiography, Can’t is Not an Option: My American Story by Nikki Haley, Penguin Books in 2012.
See also
- Indian Americans in New York City
- List of current Permanent Representatives to the United Nations
- List of Governors of South Carolina
References
External links
- Ambassador Nikki Haley
- Nikki Haley at DMOZ
- Appearances on C-SPAN