The Redmond Caves are a group of five lava tubes in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. The caves are located in the city of Redmond and are jointly managed by the city and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). They are part of the Redmond Caves Park and have been well known locally for many years. The caves are a part of the Horse Lava Tube System and the farthest northern extent of the system. The lava flow that created both the Horse system and the Redmond Caves continued on into the Redmond Dry Canyon and terminated near Crooked River Ranch. The caves have a geologic age of about 80,000 years.
History
Many of the caves in the system were known long ago by prehistoric Native Americans, as attested by archaeological artifacts found therein.
The first known caves of Central Oregon by Euro-Americans, may have been the Redmond Caves. During the 1870s an old stage road passed by their area. Since their discovery by settlers, various uses have been recommended for the caves. One report mentions the caves were considered for potato storage as early as the 1910s. There was also a proposal from a Madras resident who wanted to use them for growing mushrooms. On one occasion, the Deschutes Historical Society was notified about using the site as their museum.
In 1954, the Lions Club of Redmond opened up an entrance to a previously inaccessible cave. After finally gaining entry into the cave, they discovered footprints of modern shoes in the dusty floor. Later, two boys admitted to squeezing into the cave the night before. The newly opened cave turned out to be the longest on site and Y-shaped. Later, the cave was fully explored by two boys searching for relics. They discovered that the Y-shaped passage was instead a loop.
After the discovery of the new cave, John Berning of the Lions Club, showed a few artifacts to Dick Nooe and Harry Sly (then small boys). The artifacts had come from within the caves. Later, the boys would go back several times to sift through the dirt and pumice and found a wide assortment of ancient artifacts. After the boys were notified that they were violating the Preservation of American Antiquities Act, they donated their collections to the University of Oregon.
During the 1960s, the caves were considered as fallout shelters by the Office of Civil Defense. The three largest caves were reviewed and noted to have a capacity up to 450 individuals. In the early 1970s, packets were mailed to residents of Bend and Redmond showing directions on how to get to their nearest fallout shelter. The caves were to be used in the event of an atomic attack, volcanic eruption, or earthquake.
Since the 1970s, the caves were constantly being proposed as a city park site. Not until the last five years has the site seen progress towards that goal. Before improving the site, archaeological field studies had to examine the caves and their contents. In the meantime, the caves have suffered from recurring vandalism and defacement.
Conservation
The caves have been the center of cleanups over the years. After repeated vandalism and defacement of the caves, projects were created to help maintain them. In 1997, the Oregon High Desert Grotto participated in the survey and mapping of all five caves on the site. By 2002, the BLM held a cleanup event at the Redmond Caves. Together they extracted 300 tires in addition to a car at the park site. In 2006 the BLM organized another cleanup. It took place on National Public Lands Day and received help from the Oregon High Desert Grotto and the Willamette Valley Grotto. They removed graffiti and trash, in addition to other projects.
Bat usage of the caves has been documented at various times. It has been suggested that prior to frequent human use, the caves held many bats. On a visit in early 1986 by Mark Perkins, a bat biologist, however, he reported seeing only one hibernating Big-Eared bat. During a summer search, Perkins again noted only one Big-Eared bat using the caves as a night roost. During the same survey, Perkins also documented the usage of the caves by two bats previously unknown to have used the caves. They were the Big brown bat and the Western Small-footed Myotis; all were male bats. The BLM drafted a Record of Decision on management of various resources. Among the considerations was the restoration of suitable bat habitat in a portion of the Redmond Caves.
The caves
The site currently holds five caves; in the past, however, more caves around the site were known. One cave was known to exist at the site of a former lumber mill nearby. Dick Nooe recalled tunneling westward whereupon he heard a thundering sound overhead. It turned out to be a train on the surface. This cave is known as the Redmond Railroad Cave and was closed up years later by the lumber mill.
On a similar note, one cave adjacent to the Redmond Railroad Cave was known to have been accidentally broken into. During the construction of a parking lot, this cave was breached. The cave was accessible for about 100 feet heading westward. The floor was covered in gypsum deposits. The cave was closed back up during the construction.
Lions Cave was opened up by the Redmond Lions Club in 1954 and named for them by an editor of The Redmond Spokesman.
The five existing caves today have two sets of names. Numbers have been designated by the BLM, and those previously without names, were coined by the caving clubs of Oregon.
- Redmond Cave (Redmond Cave no. 1)
- No Account Redmond Cave (Redmond Cave no. 2)
- Cave Next Door (Redmond Cave no. 3)
- Lions Cave (Redmond Cave no. 4)
- Insignificant Redmond Cave (Redmond Cave no. 5)
References
External links
- Redmond Caves Archaeological Project at the Bureau of Land Management
- Redmond Caves access dates at Oregon High Desert Grotto
