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Wednesday, November 29, 2017

This list of Internet top-level domain extensions contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. The official list of all top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) at the Root Zone Database. IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains. As of February 2017, the root domain contains 1528 top-level domains, while a few have been retired and are no longer functional.

Types



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IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:

  • infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA)
  • generic top-level domains (gTLD)
  • restricted generic top-level domains (grTLD)
  • sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
  • country code top-level domains (ccTLD)
  • test top-level domains (tTLD)

Original top-level domains



source : www.youreuropemap.com

Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.

  • Name: DNS names
  • Entity: intended use
  • Notes: general remarks
  • IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
  • DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Infrastructure top-level domain

Country code top-level domains



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As of May 20, 2017, there were 255 Country code top-level domains. (For comparison, at the same time the United Nations comprised 193 countries.)

Notes

Internationalized country code top-level domains



source : whoapi.com

Source:

Proposed internationalized ccTLDs

ICANN-era generic top-level domains



source : hostpapa.blog

  • Name: DNS name
  • Target market: intended use
  • Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
  • Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
  • IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
  • DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

English

Chinese

French

German

Hindi

Italian

Portuguese

Spanish

Internationalized generic top-level domains



source : www.1and1.com

All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.

  • Notes: general remarks and intended use
  • DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Arabic Script

Chinese characters

Cyrillic script

Other script

Geographic top-level domains



source : www.lifewire.com

  • Name: DNS name
  • Entity: Target geographic area
  • Notes: general remarks
  • IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
  • DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

Internationalized geographic top-level domains



source : www.1and1.com

Brand top-level domains



source : notes.pradeepsingh.com

  • Name: DNS name
  • Entity: company and/or brand
  • Notes: general remarks
  • IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
  • DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Internationalized brand top-level domains



Special-Use Domains



ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.

IDN Test TLDs

ICANN created a set of top-level Internationalized domain names in October 2007 for the purpose of testing the use of IDNA in the root zone and within those domains. These testing domains were abolished on 31 October 2013. Each of these TLDs encoded a word meaning "test" in the respective language.

Each of these domains contained only one site with the word "example" encoded in the respective script and language. These example.test sites were test wikis used by ICANN.

See also



  • Generic top-level domain
  • Country code top-level domain
  • Proposed top-level domain
  • ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
  • Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.

References



External links



  • IANA's list of TLDs
  • IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format
  • The Internet Domain Survey
  • The Public Suffix List / PSL รข€" Maintained by Mozilla
  • Open Root Server Network's list of active TLDs


 
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